The discovery of the novel, pre-Descemet layer (Dua Layer) generated considerable interest in the scientific and lay communities, that manifested in the form of comments, questions, editorials, news paper articles and social media posts. Some were positive and understandably some critical. Over time the facts became clear: That the layer is a real entity with structural and biochemical distinctness; its forms a continuum with the trabecular meshwork; provides a plane of cleavage between it and the posterior corneal stroma which is exploited in lamellar corneal surgery. Its discovery has shed new light and changed paradigms on our understanding and treatment of corneal pathologies such as Descemet membrane detachment, acute corneal hydrops, spread of corneal infections and etiology of keratoconus. It potential impact on posterior corneal biomechanics and eye pressure maintenance is under investigation. It has made the operation of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) safer and three new operations have been developed based on the Dua layer, namely the DALK -Triple procedure, pre-Descemet endothelial keratoplasty (PDEK), and suture management of acute hydrops.
The characteristics of the layer, its role in corneal anatomy, surgery and pathology are accepted and several publications covering these aspects are appearing from across the world.

• To learn how the novel pre-Descemet layer (Dua layer) was discovered
• To understand the impact of the discovery on corneal surgery
• To understand the impact of the discover on corneal pathology
• To learn how scientific rigour works - from criticism and adverse comments to acceptance and acknowledgement, with examples.