Swollen optic nerves present a diagnostic challenge in primary care. This peer review session will use straightforward case differentials based on age, gender, and presenting features to guide practitioners in distinguishing between papilloedema, pseudopapilloedema, AION, NAION and optic neuritis. Through group discussion, participants will examine key clinical signs, reflect on appropriate investigations, and consider when urgent referral is required.

Learning outcomes: 

• Practitioners will describe how age, gender and presenting features help distinguish between papilloedema, pseudopapilloedema, AION, NAION and optic neuritis
• Practitioners will outline appropriate multimodal imaging techniques and illustrate how these support accurate interpretation of swollen optic nerves
• Practitioners will evaluate differential diagnoses by examining the presence or absence of key clinical signs and determining when urgent referral is required